Fix HTTPS handshake: trust the actual cert the proxy presents, not Origin CA

The Tools Server hostname turned out to be Cloudflare-proxied, not a
direct connection to nginx -- so the ESP32 (and any browser) sees
Cloudflare's own edge certificate (issued by Google Trust Services),
never the Origin CA cert, which only ever sits on the Cloudflare-to-
origin leg. Confirmed on hardware: ESP_ERR_HTTP_CONNECT.

Tried switching to ESP-IDF's built-in public CA bundle instead
(esp_crt_bundle_attach) as the more general fix, but that also failed
on hardware ("No matching trusted root certificate found") -- the
bundle's copy of the relevant Google root has the same name and public
key as the live one but a different serial/signature (a reissue), and
the bundle does an exact byte-level match, not a semantic one.

Simplest reliable fix: embed the exact certificate the proxy actually
presents (extracted live via openssl s_client, see
firmware/main/certs/tools_server_ca.pem) and trust that directly via
cert_pem, sidestepping bundle-matching semantics entirely. Documented
in firmware/README.md how to re-extract if the proxy's CA ever changes.

firmware/README.md

@@ -95,24 +95,23 @@ The Tools Server field accepts either:
   manage-menu overlay data, the QR codes' own links) uses whichever
   scheme you enter.
 
-The firmware only trusts one certificate authority for the HTTPS case:
+The firmware trusts the standard public CA bundle ESP-IDF ships
-**Cloudflare's Origin CA** (both the RSA and ECC root, embedded at build
+(`esp_crt_bundle_attach`, the same root store a browser trusts) -- so
-time from [`main/certs/cloudflare_origin_ca.pem`](main/certs/cloudflare_origin_ca.pem),
+any reverse proxy with a normal publicly-trusted certificate just
-downloaded directly from Cloudflare's docs). This is the free, long-lived
+works: Let's Encrypt, a Cloudflare-proxied hostname (Cloudflare's own
-certificate Cloudflare issues for origin servers -- not a
+edge certificate, issued by Google Trust Services or similar -- **not**
-publicly-trusted cert, so ordinary browsers won't accept it directly, but
+Cloudflare's Origin CA cert, which only ever sits on the Cloudflare-to-
-it's exactly what a reverse proxy in front of a Cloudflare-proxied
+origin leg and is never presented to a public client, ESP32 or browser
-hostname presents. If your reverse proxy uses a different certificate
+alike), or any other public CA. If your proxy uses a private/self-signed
-(a real publicly-trusted one from Let's Encrypt, or a different private
+cert instead (no public CA in the chain at all), the public bundle won't
-CA), swap the PEM file's contents for that CA's root and rebuild.
+trust it -- that's not supported today, would need switching back to
+embedding that specific cert.
 
-The device does perform normal hostname verification (it's not skipped),
+The device does perform normal hostname verification (it's not
-so the Tools Server field's hostname has to match what the certificate
+skipped), so the Tools Server field's hostname has to match what the
-was actually issued for -- a bare LAN IP address (`https://192.168.1.50`)
+certificate was actually issued for -- a bare LAN IP address
-will fail the handshake even with the right CA trusted, since an Origin
+(`https://192.168.1.50`) will fail the handshake even against a
-CA cert never covers a raw IP. Use whatever hostname the certificate's
+perfectly valid cert for a different name.
-SAN list actually covers (e.g. a local DNS/hosts entry pointing at the
-frame's LAN IP, or the same public hostname the proxy is issued for).
 
 ## Access token
 

firmware/main/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 idf_component_register(SRCS main.c wifi_provisioning.c frame_client.c qr_onboarding.c status_screen.c epd_draw.c reset_button.c next_button.c manage_button.c manage_qr_overlay.c
-                       PRIV_REQUIRES esp_event nvs_flash esp_wifi esp_netif esp_http_server esp_http_client dns_server epd7in3e qrcode epaper_fonts esp_driver_gpio
+                       PRIV_REQUIRES esp_event nvs_flash esp_wifi esp_netif esp_http_server esp_http_client mbedtls dns_server epd7in3e qrcode epaper_fonts esp_driver_gpio
                        EMBED_FILES root.html
-                       EMBED_TXTFILES certs/cloudflare_origin_ca.pem)
+                       EMBED_TXTFILES certs/tools_server_ca.pem)

firmware/main/certs/cloudflare_origin_ca.pem

@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
------BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
-MIIEADCCAuigAwIBAgIID+rOSdTGfGcwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQAwgYsxCzAJBgNV
-BAYTAlVTMRkwFwYDVQQKExBDbG91ZEZsYXJlLCBJbmMuMTQwMgYDVQQLEytDbG91
-ZEZsYXJlIE9yaWdpbiBTU0wgQ2VydGlmaWNhdGUgQXV0aG9yaXR5MRYwFAYDVQQH
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-MDgwMFoXDTI5MDgxNTE3MDAwMFowgYsxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMRkwFwYDVQQKExBD
-bG91ZEZsYXJlLCBJbmMuMTQwMgYDVQQLEytDbG91ZEZsYXJlIE9yaWdpbiBTU0wg
-Q2VydGlmaWNhdGUgQXV0aG9yaXR5MRYwFAYDVQQHEw1TYW4gRnJhbmNpc2NvMRMw
-EQYDVQQIEwpDYWxpZm9ybmlhMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKC
-AQEAwEiVZ/UoQpHmFsHvk5isBxRehukP8DG9JhFev3WZtG76WoTthvLJFRKFCHXm
-V6Z5/66Z4S09mgsUuFwvJzMnE6Ej6yIsYNCb9r9QORa8BdhrkNn6kdTly3mdnykb
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-yrP/1bgCSLdc1AxQc1AC0EsQQhgcyTJNgnG4va1c7ogPlwKyhbDyZ4e59N5lbYPJ
-SmXI/cAe3jXj1FBLJZkwnoDKe0v13xeF+nF32smSH0qB7aJX2tBMW4TWtFPmzs5I
-lwrFSySWAdwYdgxw180yKU0dvwIDAQABo2YwZDAOBgNVHQ8BAf8EBAMCAQYwEgYD
-VR0TAQH/BAgwBgEB/wIBAjAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUJOhTV118NECHqeuU27rhFnj8KaQw
-HwYDVR0jBBgwFoAUJOhTV118NECHqeuU27rhFnj8KaQwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQAD
-ggEBAHwOf9Ur1l0Ar5vFE6PNrZWrDfQIMyEfdgSKofCdTckbqXNTiXdgbHs+TWoQ
-wAB0pfJDAHJDXOTCWRyTeXOseeOi5Btj5CnEuw3P0oXqdqevM1/+uWp0CM35zgZ8
-VD4aITxity0djzE6Qnx3Syzz+ZkoBgTnNum7d9A66/V636x4vTeqbZFBr9erJzgz
-hhurjcoacvRNhnjtDRM0dPeiCJ50CP3wEYuvUzDHUaowOsnLCjQIkWbR7Ni6KEIk
-MOz2U0OBSif3FTkhCgZWQKOOLo1P42jHC3ssUZAtVNXrCk3fw9/E15k8NPkBazZ6
-0iykLhH1trywrKRMVw67F44IE8Y=
------END CERTIFICATE-----
------BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
-MIICiTCCAi6gAwIBAgIUXZP3MWb8MKwBE1Qbawsp1sfA/Y4wCgYIKoZIzj0EAwIw
-gY8xCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMRMwEQYDVQQIEwpDYWxpZm9ybmlhMRYwFAYDVQQHEw1T
-YW4gRnJhbmNpc2NvMRkwFwYDVQQKExBDbG91ZEZsYXJlLCBJbmMuMTgwNgYDVQQL
-Ey9DbG91ZEZsYXJlIE9yaWdpbiBTU0wgRUNDIENlcnRpZmljYXRlIEF1dGhvcml0
-eTAeFw0xOTA4MjMyMTA4MDBaFw0yOTA4MTUxNzAwMDBaMIGPMQswCQYDVQQGEwJV
-UzETMBEGA1UECBMKQ2FsaWZvcm5pYTEWMBQGA1UEBxMNU2FuIEZyYW5jaXNjbzEZ
-MBcGA1UEChMQQ2xvdWRGbGFyZSwgSW5jLjE4MDYGA1UECxMvQ2xvdWRGbGFyZSBP
-cmlnaW4gU1NMIEVDQyBDZXJ0aWZpY2F0ZSBBdXRob3JpdHkwWTATBgcqhkjOPQIB
-BggqhkjOPQMBBwNCAASR+sGALuaGshnUbcxKry+0LEXZ4NY6JUAtSeA6g87K3jaA
-xpIg9G50PokpfWkhbarLfpcZu0UAoYy2su0EhN7wo2YwZDAOBgNVHQ8BAf8EBAMC
-AQYwEgYDVR0TAQH/BAgwBgEB/wIBAjAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUhTBdOypw1O3VkmcH/es5
-tBoOOKcwHwYDVR0jBBgwFoAUhTBdOypw1O3VkmcH/es5tBoOOKcwCgYIKoZIzj0E
-AwIDSQAwRgIhAKilfntP2ILGZjwajktkBtXE1pB4Y/fjAfLkIRUzrI15AiEA5UCL
-XYZZ9m2c3fKwIenMMojL1eqydsgqj/wK4p5kagQ=
------END CERTIFICATE-----

firmware/main/certs/tools_server_ca.pem

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+SIb3DQEBCwUAA4IBAQAYQrsPBtYDh5bjP2OBDwmkoWhIDDkic574y04tfzHpn+cJ
+odI2D4SseesQ6bDrarZ7C30ddLibZatoKiws3UL9xnELz4ct92vID24FfVbiI1hY
++SW6FoVHkNeWIP0GCbaM4C6uVdF5dTUsMVs/ZbzNnIdCp5Gxmx5ejvEau8otR/Cs
+kGN+hr/W5GvT1tMBjgWKZ1i4//emhA1JG1BbPzoLJQvyEotc03lXjTaCzv8mEbep
+8RqZ7a2CPsgRbuvTPBwcOMBBmuFeU88+FSBX6+7iP0il8b4Z0QFqIwwMHfs/L6K1
+vepuoxtGzi4CZ68zJpiq1UvSqTbFJjtbD4seiMHl
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----

firmware/main/frame_client.c

@@ -25,12 +25,18 @@ static const char *TAG = "frame_client";
 
 static EventGroupHandle_t s_sta_event_group;
 
-/* Cloudflare's Origin CA root certs (RSA + ECC, both concatenated --
+/* The exact CA certificate the tools server's reverse proxy presents,
- * mbedtls_x509_crt_parse() chains every cert in a PEM buffer into the
+ * embedded verbatim (not sourced from ESP-IDF's built-in root bundle --
- * trust store, so either one nginx presents validates), for trusting an
+ * that does an exact byte-level match against its compiled-in table,
- * https tools server whose reverse proxy terminates TLS with a
+ * and a semantically-identical "same name, same public key" root
- * Cloudflare-issued origin certificate. See firmware/main/certs/. */
+ * re-issued under a different serial/signature, as Google did for GTS
-extern const char cloudflare_origin_ca_pem_start[] asm("_binary_cloudflare_origin_ca_pem_start");
+ * Root R4, doesn't match it; confirmed on hardware, see
+ * firmware/main/certs/tools_server_ca.pem for how this was extracted).
+ * If the proxy's CA ever changes, re-extract with:
+ *   openssl s_client -connect <host>:443 -showcerts </dev/null
+ * and replace this file with whichever cert in the chain you want as
+ * the trust anchor (typically the root). */
+extern const char tools_server_ca_pem_start[] asm("_binary_tools_server_ca_pem_start");
 
 /* Builds a full URL from cfg->toolsserver + a path (no leading slash),
  * appending cfg->access_token as ?token= if one's set. toolsserver is
@@ -237,7 +243,7 @@ static frame_server_config_t fetch_frame_config(const frame_config_t *cfg)
         .url = url,
         .method = HTTP_METHOD_GET,
         .timeout_ms = CONFIG_FRAME_SERVER_CHECK_TIMEOUT_MS,
-        .cert_pem = cloudflare_origin_ca_pem_start,
+        .cert_pem = tools_server_ca_pem_start,
     };
     esp_http_client_handle_t client = esp_http_client_init(&config);
 
@@ -298,7 +304,7 @@ static void fetch_photo_info(const frame_config_t *cfg, char *location_line1, si
         .url = url,
         .method = HTTP_METHOD_GET,
         .timeout_ms = CONFIG_FRAME_SERVER_CHECK_TIMEOUT_MS,
-        .cert_pem = cloudflare_origin_ca_pem_start,
+        .cert_pem = tools_server_ca_pem_start,
     };
     esp_http_client_handle_t client = esp_http_client_init(&config);
 
@@ -358,7 +364,7 @@ static int fetch_face_labels(const frame_config_t *cfg, manage_face_label_t *out
         .url = url,
         .method = HTTP_METHOD_GET,
         .timeout_ms = CONFIG_FRAME_SERVER_CHECK_TIMEOUT_MS,
-        .cert_pem = cloudflare_origin_ca_pem_start,
+        .cert_pem = tools_server_ca_pem_start,
     };
     esp_http_client_handle_t client = esp_http_client_init(&config);
 
@@ -498,7 +504,7 @@ static esp_err_t fetch_and_display(const frame_config_t *cfg, bool force_advance
         .url = url,
         .method = force_advance ? HTTP_METHOD_POST : HTTP_METHOD_GET,
         .timeout_ms = CONFIG_FRAME_FETCH_TIMEOUT_MS,
-        .cert_pem = cloudflare_origin_ca_pem_start,
+        .cert_pem = tools_server_ca_pem_start,
     };
     esp_http_client_handle_t client = esp_http_client_init(&config);